Aversa Cathedral, known locally as Cattedrale di San Paolo, is the principal Catholic place of worship in the charming town of Aversa, located in the province of Caserta, Italy. This historical gem, with its rich heritage and stunning architecture, offers visitors a glimpse into the past and a serene place for reflection and admiration.
The origins of Aversa Cathedral date back to the 11th century when it was erected on the site of the ancient chapel of Sanctu Paulum at Averse. Commissioned by Richard I in 1053 and completed by his son Jordan in 1090, the cathedral has witnessed numerous transformations over its thousand-year history. The initial structure has been significantly altered, particularly due to the reconstruction efforts in the 13th century, which saw the refurbishment of the central dome's blind loggias.
The cathedral has endured its share of natural disasters, including the devastating earthquakes of 1349, 1456, and 1494, which caused substantial damage, including the collapse of the original bell tower. Subsequent restorations and modifications have shaped the cathedral into the structure we see today. Notably, the 18th-century restoration under Bishop Innico Caracciolo, which involved the renowned Roman architect Carlo Buratti, gave the cathedral its current Baroque façade.
Stepping into Aversa Cathedral, visitors are immediately struck by its grandeur and the sense of history that permeates its walls. The exterior, with its stunning Baroque façade, is a testament to the architectural prowess of the 18th century. The façade is divided horizontally into two sections and vertically by ten giant Corinthian pilasters, creating a majestic and imposing entrance. The central portal is crowned with a semicircular pediment, above which a balustrade and a large arched window with a shell motif, symbolizing pilgrimages to the Holy Land, add to the ornate design.
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The bell tower, constructed between 1474 and 1493, stands as a remarkable example of Norman architecture. Designed by the architect Giovanni Pizuolo, the tower originally featured a high pyramidal spire, which unfortunately collapsed in 1694. The tower houses three significant bells: the Scarana from the 12th-13th century, the Scaglione from the 16th century, and a smaller third bell. The tower is connected to the cathedral by a bridge, adding to its unique architectural charm.
The interior of Aversa Cathedral is equally captivating. The basilica-style layout features three naves, with the central nave being the tallest, illuminated by high windows. Massive pillars support the round arches, each adorned with Corinthian-style pilasters in stucco. The ceiling is divided into sections by these pilasters, creating a rhythmic and harmonious design.
As you enter the right nave, you are greeted by a 17th-century marble holy water font by Francesco Maggi, a student of Giuseppe Sammartino. The font features a red marble basin topped with a depiction of the Sick Man diving into the Probatica Pool. The right nave also houses significant artworks, including a painting of the Virgin and Saint Bonaventure by Francesco Solimena from 1710 and the Adoration of the Magi by Flemish painter Cornelis Smet.
The left nave begins with the baptismal font and another holy water font by Francesco Maggi, similar to the one in the right nave. The first bay features paintings by Paolo De Matteis, including the Preaching of Saint Catherine of Alexandria and the Marriage of Saint Catherine, dating from 1710-1712. The altar in this section showcases Giovan Battista Graziano's Martyrdom of Saint Catherine from 1589.
The transept of Aversa Cathedral is divided into two sections. The right transept features the Chapel of the Relics, decorated by Bishop Carlo I Carafa in 1637. This chapel is adorned with 17th-century frescoes and a marble altar with a relief of the Madonna and Child. The chapel houses numerous relics, including a thorn from Christ's crown, which is said to bloom when Good Friday falls on March 25th, the Feast of the Annunciation. The left transept mirrors the right in its grandeur, featuring a classical marble altar with reliefs by Salvatore Caccavello and a significant painting of Saint Stephen Pope by Giacomo Andrea Donzelli from 1578.
Visiting Aversa Cathedral is not just a journey through religious history but also a walk through the architectural evolution of a millennium. From its Norman bell tower to its Baroque façade and richly decorated interior, the cathedral stands as a testament to the enduring spirit and artistic heritage of Aversa. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply seeking a place of peace and reflection, Aversa Cathedral offers a truly enriching experience.
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