The Castillo del Collao, also known by its local name Castillo de El Collao, is a captivating medieval fortress nestled atop the hill of El Collao in the picturesque region of Real Valle de Camargo, Cantabria, Spain. This ancient stronghold, dating back to between the 8th and 12th centuries, stands at an elevation of 96 meters above sea level, offering breathtaking views over the Bay of Santander, the Pas valley, and parts of the Camargo valley.
The Castillo del Collao was once the largest of approximately thirty similar fortifications that dotted the Cantabrian landscape. Its strategic location made it a significant defensive structure during the early medieval period. The castle's history is steeped in the tales of ancient battles and the daily lives of its inhabitants. Declared a cultural heritage site on May 6, 2003, the Castillo del Collao has undergone modern archaeological excavations, revealing numerous artifacts and providing insights into its storied past.
Excavations have uncovered a wealth of ceramic pieces, including common pots and jars, both plain and decorated. Iron arrowheads, bone knives, and flutes have also been found, along with a unique clay figure representing a man in a tunic and a gold-plated bronze applique featuring monstrous heads. Carbon-14 dating has placed the site's occupation between the years 760 and 1020, with a margin of error of 110 years. These findings help paint a vivid picture of life within the castle walls during its heyday.
Visitors to Castillo del Collao can embark on a journey through time as they explore the well-preserved ruins of this medieval fortress. Despite the ravages of time and the clearing of surrounding areas in the 20th century to make way for grazing lands and nearby houses, the castle's foundations and lower wall sections remain intact, offering a glimpse into its former grandeur.
The castle is encircled by a robust wall over 2.5 meters thick, constructed from limestone masonry filled with rubble. This formidable barrier encloses an area of 512 square meters at the hill's summit. Within the walls, remnants of various buildings can be seen, including the rectangular-shaped keep, built with large limestone blocks and integrated into the wall to the right of the entrance gate. The rectangular parade ground, once a bustling hub of activity, now lies silent, its geometric layout still discernible amid the ruins.
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One of the most enchanting aspects of a visit to Castillo del Collao is the panoramic vistas it offers. From its vantage point, visitors can marvel at the sweeping views of the Bay of Santander, the lush Pas valley, and the charming Camargo valley. The castle's lookout point is a perfect spot to soak in the natural beauty of the region and reflect on the historical significance of this ancient fortress.
The early 2000s saw a renewed interest in preserving and studying the Castillo del Collao. Between 2000 and 2001, rehabilitation efforts were undertaken to stabilize the ruins and enhance the site's accessibility. A well-marked trail now leads visitors from the village of Escobedo de Camargo to the castle, making it easier for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike to explore this remarkable landmark.
Modern archaeological techniques have played a crucial role in uncovering the secrets of Castillo del Collao. The meticulous excavation process has revealed not only the castle's structural layout but also the everyday items used by its inhabitants. These discoveries have provided valuable insights into the social, economic, and cultural aspects of life during the castle's occupation.
Today, Castillo del Collao stands as a testament to the rich history of Cantabria and the resilience of its people. The site is open to the public, offering visitors a unique opportunity to step back in time and explore the remnants of this once-mighty fortress. Whether you are a history buff, an archaeology enthusiast, or simply someone who appreciates stunning views and ancient ruins, a visit to Castillo del Collao is sure to be a memorable experience.
As you wander through the ruins, imagine the bustling activity that once filled the castle grounds. Picture the clatter of armor, the hum of daily life, and the strategic planning that took place within these walls. The Castillo del Collao is not just a historical site; it is a window into the past, offering a tangible connection to the medieval world and the stories that have shaped the region.
In conclusion, the Castillo del Collao is a hidden gem in the heart of Cantabria, waiting to be discovered by those who seek to uncover the mysteries of the past. Its well-preserved ruins, rich history, and stunning views make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the Real Valle de Camargo. So pack your walking shoes, bring your curiosity, and embark on an unforgettable journey to the Castillo del Collao, where history comes alive amidst the serene beauty of the Cantabrian landscape.
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