In the heart of Tallinn's historic Old Town, you'll find the House of the Blackheads, known locally as Mustpeade maja. This architectural gem stands proudly on Pikk Street, offering a glimpse into the rich tapestry of Tallinn's medieval past. Once the headquarters of the Brotherhood of Blackheads, this building now serves as a vibrant cultural venue, hosting various events that celebrate the city's dynamic heritage.
The Brotherhood of Blackheads emerged in 1399 as a guild for unmarried merchants, a subgroup that eventually branched off from the Great Guild. Named after their patron saint, Saint Maurice, who was depicted as a Moor, the Blackheads played a pivotal role in Tallinn's social and economic landscape. With strong ties to the Catherine Monastery, they were known for their participation in tournaments and their significant contributions to the defense of Tallinn, even forming a cavalry unit that fought valiantly against Russian forces in 1560.
In 1517, the Brotherhood leased a merchant house on Pikk Street, which they purchased in 1531. This building, originally designed to accommodate traveling merchants, became a symbol of the Blackheads' influence and status. Over the centuries, it underwent several transformations, most notably in 1597 under the guidance of master builder Arent Passer, who infused the façade with elements of the Dutch Renaissance while preserving its Gothic roots.
Stepping inside the House of the Blackheads is like entering a time capsule. The building's façade is adorned with intricate stone carvings, including the oldest sculptures gifted by Ewert Schroeder and Hans Koser in 1575. These depict the Brotherhood's emblem, a Moor's head with a headband, proudly displayed on either side of the entrance.
The interior boasts a grand hall, known as the Brotherhood Hall, where portraits of German, Swedish, and Russian rulers who governed Estonia and Tallinn line the walls. These artworks, along with an epitaph commemorating the ten Blackheads who fell in 1560, provide a poignant reminder of the Brotherhood's storied past.
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The House of the Blackheads is a masterpiece of architectural evolution. The building's asymmetrical façade, with its gable adorned with volutes, is a testament to the blend of Gothic and Renaissance styles. The Renaissance shields above the ground floor bear the coats of arms of the Hanseatic League's key trading posts: Bruges, Novgorod, London, and Bergen. Above the first floor, you'll find lion heads and mascarons, adding a touch of whimsy to the otherwise stately exterior.
The portal, with its lion heads and rusticated pilasters, is a striking example of Dutch Mannerism. Bas-reliefs of Polish King Sigismund III Vasa and Anna of Austria grace the windows, while reliefs of armored knights engaged in a tournament capture the spirit of the era. These are inscribed with the Low German phrases HELF GODT ALLEZEIDT and GODT IST MEIN HULF, attributed to Arent Passer.
Today, the House of the Blackheads is a lively cultural hub, hosting concerts, exhibitions, and other events that celebrate Tallinn's artistic and historical legacy. The building's transformation from a guild hall to a cultural venue reflects its enduring relevance in the city's narrative.
Visitors can explore the Dornse, a heated chamber on the ground floor, where the German-Baltic community once held festive gatherings. The building's rich history and architectural beauty make it a must-visit for anyone interested in Tallinn's past and present.
In 1997, the House of the Blackheads was registered as a national monument, ensuring its preservation for future generations. Despite the Brotherhood's dissolution as a trade organization in 1895, the building remains a symbol of Tallinn's vibrant history and the enduring spirit of its people.
Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply curious about Tallinn's architectural wonders, the House of the Blackheads offers a captivating journey through time. Its walls echo the stories of merchants, warriors, and artists who shaped the city, making it an unmissable stop on your exploration of Estonia's capital.
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