Teatro Carignano

Teatro Carignano, nestled in the heart of Turin, Italy, is a gem of historical and architectural significance that has been captivating audiences for centuries. As the oldest theater in the city, it stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Turin and offers a glimpse into the grandeur of 18th-century Italian theater.

The Origins of Teatro Carignano

The story of Teatro Carignano begins in the late 17th century. Initially, the building served as a venue for aristocratic festivities and gambling, known as Trincotto Rosso. In 1703, Prince Emanuele Filiberto Amedeo of Savoy-Carignano acquired the building and transformed it into a theater. The renowned architect Guarino Guarini, who had designed the nearby Palazzo Carignano, was likely responsible for the initial design of the theater's quadrangular hall, complete with a stage and wooden balconies on three sides.

The First Expansion

In 1716, the theater underwent its first major expansion. Prince Emanuele Filiberto Amedeo financed the project, which included elaborate decorative elements, transforming the hall into a private theater for the royal family and court. By 1719, Teatro Carignano began hosting public performances, with its first public show being Giuseppe Maria Orlandini's Il carceriero di se stesso, featuring the celebrated soprano Francesca Cuzzoni.

The Alfieri Renovation

Between 1752 and 1753, the theater, which had become dilapidated, was significantly renovated and expanded under the direction of Prince Luigi of Savoy-Carignano. The esteemed architect Benedetto Alfieri, known for his work on the Teatro Regio, was commissioned to oversee the project. The renovated theater, now boasting 84 boxes and a masonry structure, reopened in the autumn of 1753 with Carlo Goldoni's La calamita dei cuori, set to music by Baldassarre Galluppi.

The Fire of 1786 and Reconstruction

Tragedy struck on February 16, 1786, when a devastating fire completely destroyed Teatro Carignano. The reconstruction, led by architect Giovanni Battista Ferroggio, was completed in just six months. The new design retained the original layout by Benedetto Alfieri, with the addition of decorations by the Pozzo brothers and ceiling and curtain artwork by Bernardino Galliari.

The 19th Century Restorations

Following the Napoleonic period, Teatro Carignano underwent a restoration in 1814, hosting the premiere of Pietro Generali's Il servo padrone. The theater gained fame in 1818 when the legendary violinist Niccolò Paganini famously declared Paganini does not repeat after a demanding performance requested by King Carlo Felice. Throughout the 19th century, Teatro Carignano remained a prominent venue for various performances, including operas, dramas, and ballets.

Municipal Ownership and Further Renovations

In 1870, Teatro Carignano was acquired by the municipality, marking its transition to public ownership. However, in 1883, it was sold to a group of prominent Turin citizens, including architect Barnaba Panizza. This group undertook significant renovations, including safety upgrades, the addition of a gallery, and the installation of the first electric lighting system. This period saw performances by renowned actors such as Eleonora Duse and Irma Gramatica, and the theater became home to the Compagnia Città di Torino, directed by Cesare Rossi.

The 20th Century and the Chiarella Management

During the early 20th century, Teatro Carignano faced competition from the emerging cinema industry. Despite this, it continued to host innovative plays by international authors and significant works by Luigi Pirandello and Oscar Wilde. In 1912, the theater was sold to the Chiarella brothers, who managed it until 1932 when it was sold back to the municipality of Turin. The theater underwent partial restoration in 1935, and in 1936, it reopened with Domenico Cimarosa's Il matrimonio segreto.

Modern-Day Teatro Carignano

Today, Teatro Carignano stands as a vibrant cultural hub, continuing to host a diverse array of performances, from classical plays to contemporary productions. Its rich history and architectural beauty make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring Turin. As you step into this historic theater, you are transported back in time, experiencing the grandeur and elegance of a bygone era while enjoying world-class performances that continue to captivate audiences.

In conclusion, Teatro Carignano is not just a theater; it is a living monument to the artistic and cultural legacy of Turin. Its walls echo with the voices of the past, and its stage continues to be graced by some of the finest talents in the world. A visit to Teatro Carignano is a journey through history, art, and the enduring spirit of Italian theater.